Erzurum Grand Mosque is one of Anatolia's oldest multi-column mosques, built in 1179 by Saltukid Emir Nasreddin Aslan Mehmet, resting on forty stone columns. The wooden-stone mixed Swallow Dome in front of the mihrab is its most striking detail.
The Erzurum Grand Mosque was built in 1179 by Saltukid Emir Nasreddin Aslan Mehmet. Due to the Saltukids' "Atabey" title, it is also known as Atabey Mosque among the public. The 51x54 meter structure, built on seven naves and forty columns, is considered one of the oldest examples of multi-column mosque architecture in Anatolia. The "Swallow Dome" in front of the mihrab, constructed with a corbeling technique, is the mosque's most striking detail. This wooden-stone mixed roof, resting on pointed arches, is believed to date back to the original construction period.
Throughout history, the mosque was not only used for worship. During the reign of Sultan Murad IV, it served as a food warehouse, and at different times, as an armory. It underwent five renovations: in 1639 by Erzurum Governor Hüseyin Pasha, in 1826 by Ali Efendi, and then again in 1858 and 1860. The last major restoration was carried out by the General Directorate of Foundations between 1957-1964. The 1860 renovation inscription can still be read in two small mihrabs next to the eastern gate. On the right side, there is a brick minaret with a round body and a single balcony; the part above the balcony has collapsed over time.
Visitors speak of the mosque's simple yet impressive architecture and the spacious interior created by the stone columns. Some recommend visiting during morning prayer time, noting that the mosque is quieter then. Its location on Cumhuriyet Street, just west of the Double Minaret Madrasah, allows it to be included in a single walking route with Erzurum Castle, Erzurum Museum, and Üç Kümbetler (Three Tombs).
Related discoveries: Historical Places, Erzurum historical places, Oltu Castle.
Guide's Note
Best Time to Visit
The mosque is open all day, but worship takes precedence during prayer times. Some visitors recommend the hours after morning prayer. At that time, the mosque is quieter, and there's an opportunity to listen to the adhan and prayers inside. In summer, Erzurum's cool but clear weather makes walking around the city easier; in winter, the cold may shorten your visit, so warm clothing is necessary.
How to Get There?
The mosque is located on Cumhuriyet Street, one of Erzurum's main avenues, just west of the Double Minaret Madrasah. Since it's close to the city center, it's not difficult to reach by public transport or on foot. Roadside parking is generally possible, though finding a spot might take some time during peak hours.
Explore with Nearby Historical Structures
The Grand Mosque's biggest advantage is its location. The Double Minaret Madrasah, Erzurum Castle, Erzurum Museum, and Üç Kümbetler (Three Tombs) are all within walking distance. It's possible to visit these four or five historical structures consecutively on a single route, which can be thought of as a half-day historical peninsula tour.
How Much Time Should You Allocate?
20-30 minutes is usually sufficient for the mosque itself. If you plan to visit it along with the nearby Double Minaret Madrasah, castle, and museum, you might need to allocate half a day to this area.
Things to Note When Visiting
The mosque is still actively open for worship. It is important not to speak loudly inside and not to disturb those praying. Visitors are expected to comply with warnings from security personnel and authorized staff. Female visitors should carry a headscarf, and everyone should remove their shoes at the entrance, as is standard mosque etiquette.
Good Spots for Photography
The perspective created by the stone columns in the interior offers a good angle, especially for shots taken from the central nave. The wooden texture of the Swallow Dome is worth photographing up close. From the outside, the brick minaret and the stone facade of the mosque can also be included in shots taken from the direction of the Double Minaret Madrasah.
Brief History
The structure has stood for over eight centuries. After its construction in 1179, it was used as a warehouse during the time of Sultan Murad IV and served as an armory several times. Having undergone five major renovations, the mosque took its final form with the restoration between 1957-1964. Today, it still serves as an active place of worship.
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